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Jerome Karle (born Jerome Karfunkle; June 18, 1918 - June 6, 2013) was an American physical chemist. Jointly with Herbert A. Hauptman, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1985, for the direct analysis of crystal structures using X-ray scattering techniques.〔〔(NRL Scientists Receive 1985 Nobel Prize in Chemistry ), United States Naval Research Laboratory. Accessed September 22, 2009.〕〔W.A. Hendrickson (2013) ''Jerome Karle (1918–2013)'', Nature 499(7459), pp 410.〕 ==Early life and education== Karle was born in New York City, on June 18, 1918, the son of Sadie Helen (Kun) and Louis Karfunkle.〔()〕 He was born into a Jewish family with a strong interest in the arts.〔(Jerome Karle ), City College of New York. Accessed June 6, 2013. "Jerome Karle is an American Jewish physical chemist who shared the 1985 Nobel Prize in Chemistry with a fellow CCNY classmate, Herbert Hauptman, 'for their outstanding achievements in the development of direct methods for the determination of crystal structures.'"〕〔Brody, Seymour "Sy". ("American Jewish Recipients of the Nobel Prize - Jerome Karle: Nobel PrizeIn Chemistry Recipient" ), Florida Atlantic University. Accessed June 6, 2013. "Jerome Karle is an American Jewish recipient of the Nobel Prize, which he shared with Herbert A. Hauptman, for their outstanding achievements in the development of direct methods for the determination of crystal structures."〕 He had played piano as a youth and had participated in a number of competitions, but he was far more interested in science.〔(Jerome Karle: The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1985 ), Nobel Prize. Accessed September 22, 2009.〕 He attended Abraham Lincoln High School in Brooklyn, and would later join Arthur Kornberg (awarded the Nobel in Medicine in 1959) and Paul Berg (a winner in Chemistry in 1980), as graduates of the school to win Nobel Prizes.〔Hargittai, István. ("The road to Stockholm: Nobel Prizes, science, and scientists" ), p. 121. Oxford University Press, 2002. ISBN 0-19-850912-X. Accessed September 20, 2009. "Arthur Kornberg (M59), Jerome Karle (C85), and Paul Berg (C80) all went to the Abraham Lincoln High School in Brooklyn."〕 As a youth, Karle enjoyed handball, ice skating, touch football and swimming in the nearby Atlantic Ocean.〔 He started college at the age of 15 and received his bachelor's degree from the City College of New York in 1937, where he took additional courses in biology, chemistry and math in addition to the required curriculum there. He earned a master's degree from Harvard University in 1938, having majored in biology.〔 As part of a plan to accumulate enough money to pay for further graduate studies, Karle took a position in Albany, New York with the New York State Department of Health, where he developed a method to measure dissolved fluorine levels, a technique that would become a standard for water fluoridation.〔 He enrolled at the University of Michigan in 1940 and met his future wife, Isabella Lugoski, who was sitting at an adjoining desk during his first course in physical chemistry; The two married in 1942. Though he completed his studies in 1943, he was awarded his Ph.D. the following year.〔 Jerome Karle was a former president of both the American Crystallographic Association (ACA) (1972) and the IUCr (1981-1984), as well as a co-recipient of the 1985 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his work on Direct methods. Among the many additional honors he received for his work, he was elected to the National Academy of Sciences in 1976 and the American Philosophical Society in 1990. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Jerome Karle」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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